Sunday 05 May 2024


Threshold typeThreshold codeDescription
IDI-DRainfall intensity (I) - Rainfall duration (D): ID



Thresholds sorted by Continent

ContinentNationZoneThreshold typeLandslide codeEquationRangeNotesReferenceImage
AsiaChinan.a.IDDI = 49.11-6.81×D1.001 < D < 5n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
AsiaHong Kongn.a.IDDI = 41.83 ×D-0.581 < D < 12n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
AsiaIndonesian.a.IDDI = 92.06-10.68×D1.002 < D < 4n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
AsiaJapann.a.IDDI = 39.71 ×D-0.620.5 < D < 12n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
AsiaJapanShikoku IslandIDAI = 1.35+55×D-1.0024 < D < 300n.a.Hong Y, Hiura H, Shino K, Sassa K, Suemine A, Fukuoka H Wang G (2005) The influence of intense rainfall on the activity of large-scale crystalline schist landslides in Shikoku Island, Japan. Landslides 2(2): 97-105Graphic
AsiaPhilippinesMayon Volcano, Albay, BicolIDLI = 27.3×D-0.380.167 < D < 3n.a.Rodolfo KS, Arguden AT (1991) Rain-lahar generation and sediment-delivery systems at Mayon Volcano, Philippines. In: Sedimentation in volcanic settings (Fisher RV, Smith GA, eds). Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 45: 71–88Graphic
AsiaPhilippinesPasig Potrero River, Central LuzonIDLI = 9.23×D-0.370.08 < D < 7.92n.a.Arboleda RA, Martinez ML (1996) 1992 lahars in the Pasig-Potrero River system. In: Fire and mud: eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo (Newhall CG, Punongbayan RS, eds). Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1126 ppGraphic
AsiaPhilippinesSacobia River, Mount Pinatubo, Central LuzonIDLI = 5.94×D-1.500.167 < D < 3n.a.Tuñgol NM, Regalado MTM (1996) Rainfall, acoustic flow monitor records, and observed lahars of the Sacobia River in 1992. In: Fire and mud: eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo (Newhall CG, Punongbayan RS, eds). Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1126 ppGraphic
AsiaTaiwanCentral TaiwanIDDI = 6.7×D-0.200.7 < D < 40After Chi-Chi earthquakeJan CD, Chen CL (2005) Debris flows caused by Typhoon Herb in Taiwan. In: Debris flow Hazards and Related Phenomena (Jakob M, Hungr O, eds). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 363-385Graphic
AsiaTaiwanCentral TaiwanIDDI = 13.5×D-0.200.7 < D < 40Before Chi-Chi earthquakeJan CD, Chen CL (2005) Debris flows caused by Typhoon Herb in Taiwan. In: Debris flow Hazards and Related Phenomena (Jakob M, Hungr O, eds). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 363-385Graphic
AsiaTaiwann.a.IDAI = 115.47×D-0.801 < D < 400n.a.Chien-Yuan C, Tien-Chien C, Fan-Chieh Y, Wen-Hui Y, Chun-Chieh T (2005) Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring. Environmental Geology 47: 715-724Graphic
EuropeAustriaCarinthia and East TyrolIDSI = 41.66×D-0.771 < D < 1000n.a.Moser M, Hohensinn F (1983) Geotechnical aspects of soil slips in Alpine regions. Engineering Geology 19: 185–211Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 7.56×D-0.480.1 < D < 3000Highlands, severe mid-latitude climates Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 9.40×D-0.560.1 < D < 4000n.a.Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 8.76×D-0.610.1 < D < 700(Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 0.52×D-0.16300 < D < 4000(Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 15.56×D-0.700.1 < D < 4000Mild, mid-latitude climatesGuzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 18.60×D-0.810.1 < D < 700Mild, mid-latitude climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 0.82×D-0.19300 < D < 4000Mild, mid-latitude climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeCentral and Southern Europen.a.IDAI = 8.53×D-0.640.1 < D < 3000Highlands, severe mid-latitude climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2007) Rainfall threholds for the initiation of landslides in central and southern Europe. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 98: 239-267Graphic
EuropeItalyApuane Alps, TuscanyIDShI = 76.199×D-0.6920.1 < D ≤ 12Upper thresholdGiannecchini R (2005) Rainfall triggering soil slips in the southern Apuane Alps (Tuscany, Italy). Advances in Geosciences 2: 21-24Graphic
EuropeItalyApuane Alps, TuscanyIDShI = 26.871×D-0.6380.1 < D < 35Lower thresholdGiannecchini R (2005) Rainfall triggering soil slips in the southern Apuane Alps (Tuscany, Italy). Advances in Geosciences 2: 21-24Graphic
EuropeItalyApuane Alps, TuscanyIDShI = 85.584×D-0.7810.1 < D < 35Upper thresholdGiannecchini R (2005) Rainfall triggering soil slips in the southern Apuane Alps (Tuscany, Italy). Advances in Geosciences 2: 21-24Graphic
EuropeItalyApuane Alps, TuscanyIDShI = 38.363×D-0.7430.1 < D ≤ 12Lower thresholdGiannecchini R (2005) Rainfall triggering soil slips in the southern Apuane Alps (Tuscany, Italy). Advances in Geosciences 2: 21-24Graphic
EuropeItalyCampaniaIDAI = 28.10×D-0.741 < D < 600n.a.Calcaterra D, Parise M, Palma B, Pelella L (2000) The influence of meteoric events in triggering shallow landslides in pyroclastic deposits of Campania, Italy. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Landslides, (Bromhead E, Dixon N, Ibsen ML, eds). Cardiff, Wales: A.A. Balkema, 1: 209-214Graphic
EuropeItalyChampeyron Basin, PiedmontIDDI = 18.675×D-0.5651 < D < 24A(60d) < 14% of MAPBolley S, Oliaro P (1999) Analisi dei debris flows in alcuni bacini campione dell'Alta Val Susa. Geoingegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, Marzo: 69-74Graphic
EuropeItalyChampeyron Basin, PiedmontIDDI = 12.649×D-0.53241 < D < 24A(60d) > 14% of MAPBolley S, Oliaro P (1999) Analisi dei debris flows in alcuni bacini campione dell'Alta Val Susa. Geoingegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, Marzo: 69-74Graphic
EuropeItalyLombardyIDAI = 20.1×D-0.551 < D < 1000n.a.Ceriani M, Lauzi S, Padovan N (1992) Rainfall and landslides in the Alpine area of Lombardia Region, central Alps, Italy. In: Internationales Symposium. Bern: Interpraevent 2: 9-20Graphic
EuropeItalyMoscardo Torrent, Friuli Venezia GiuliaIDAI = 15×D-0.701 < D < 30n.a.Marchi L, Arattano M, Deganutti AM (2002) Ten years of debris-flow monitoring in the Moscardo Torrent (Italian Alps). Geomorphology 46: 1-17Graphic
EuropeItalyNorth Eastern AlpsIDDI = 47.742×D-0.5070.1 < D < 24n.a.Paronuzzi P, Coccolo A, Garlatti G (1998) Eventi meteorici critici e debris flows nei bacini montani del Friuli. L'Acqua, Associazione Idrotecnica Italiana, Sezione I/Memorie: 39-50Graphic
EuropeItalyPerilleux Basin, PiedmontIDDI = 10.67×D-0.50431 < D < 24A(60d) < 9% of MAPBolley S, Oliaro P (1999) Analisi dei debris flows in alcuni bacini campione dell'Alta Val Susa. Geoingegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, Marzo: 69-74Graphic
EuropeItalyPerilleux Basin, PiedmontIDDI = 11.00×D-0.44591 < D < 24A(60d)> 9% of MAPBolley S, Oliaro P (1999) Analisi dei debris flows in alcuni bacini campione dell'Alta Val Susa. Geoingegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, Marzo: 69-74Graphic
EuropeItalyPeri-Vesuvian area, CampaniaIDDI = 176.40×D-0.900.1 < D < 1000Volcanic soilsGuadagno FM (1991) Debris flows in the Campanian volcaniclastic soil (Southern Italy). In: Proceedings International Conference on slope stability. Isle of Wight: Thomas Telford, 125-130Graphic
EuropeItalyPiedmontIDShI = 19×D-0.504 < D < 150n.a.Aleotti P (2004) A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures. Engineering Geology 73: 247–265Graphic
EuropeItalyPiedmontIDAI = 44.668×D-0.78×N1 < D < 1000n.a.Barbero S, Rabuffetti D, Zaccagnino M (2004) Una metodologia per la definizione delle soglie pluviometriche a supporto dell'emissione dell'allertamento. In: Proceedings of 29th Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche. Trento, 7-10 settembre 2004, 211-217Graphic
EuropeItalyRho Basin, Susa Valley, PiedmontIDDI = 9.521×D-0.49551 < D < 24A(60d) > 14% of MAPBolley S, Oliaro P (1999) Analisi dei debris flows in alcuni bacini campione dell'Alta Val Susa. Geoingegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, Marzo: 69-74Graphic
EuropeItalyRho Basin, Susa Valley, PiedmontIDDI=11.698×D-0.47831 < D < 24A(60d) < 14% of MAPBolley S, Oliaro P (1999) Analisi dei debris flows in alcuni bacini campione dell'Alta Val Susa. Geoingegneria Ambientale e Mineraria, Marzo: 69-74Graphic
EuropeItalyValtellina, LombardyIDSI = 44.668×D-0.781 < D < 1000n.a.Cancelli A, Nova R (1985) Landslides in soil debris cover triggered by rainstorms in Valtellina (central Alps - Italy). In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides. Tokyo: The Japan Geological Society, 267–272Graphic
EuropeItalyValzangona, MarcheIDAI = 18.83×D-0.5924 < D < 3360n.a.Floris M, Mari M, Romeo RW, Gori U (2004) Modelling of landslide-triggering factors - A case study in the Northern Apennines, Italy. In: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 104: Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe (Hack R, Azzam R, Charlier R, eds). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 745-753Graphic
EuropePortugalNorth of LisbonIDAI = 84.3×D-0.570.1 < D < 2000n.a.Zezere JL, Trigo RM, Trigo IF (2005) Shallow and deep landslides induced by rainfall in the Lisbon region (Portugal): assessment of relationships with the North Atlantic Oscillation. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5: 331-344Graphic
EuropeSpainPyrenees MountainsIDAI = 17.96×D-0.59D > 168E > 90 mmCorominas J, Ayala FJ, Cendrero A, Chacon J, Díaz de Teran JR, Gonzales A, Moja J, Vilaplana JM (2005) Impacts on natural hazard of climatic origin. In ECCE Final Report: A Preliminary Assessment of the Impacts in Spain due to the Effects of Climate Change. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.Graphic
EuropeSwitzerlandn.a.IDAI = 32×D-0.701 < D < 45n.a.Zimmermann M, Mani P, Gamma P, Gsteiger P, Heiniger O, Hunziker G (1997) Murganggefahr und Climaänderung - ein GIS-basierter Ansatz. In: Schlussbericht Nationalen Forschngs Programmes, NFP 31. Zürich: vdf Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH, 161 ppGraphic
North AmericaCanadaNorth Shore MountainsIDShI = 4.0×D-0.450.1 < D < 150n.a.Jakob M, Weatherly H (2003) A hydroclimatic threshold for landslide initiation on the North Shore Mountains of Vancouver, British Columbia. Geomorphology 54: 137-156Graphic
North AmericaJamaicaEastern JamaicaIDShI = 11.5×D-0.261 < D < 150n.a.Ahmad R (2003) Developing early warning systems in Jamaica: rainfall thresholds for hydrological hazards. National Disaster Management Conference, Ocho Rios, St Ann, Jamaica, 9-10 September 2003. at website: http://www.mona.uwi.edu/uds/rainhazards_files/frame.htmGraphic
North AmericaPuerto Ricon.a.IDDI = 66.18×D-0.520.5 < D < 12n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
North AmericaPuerto Ricon.a.IDAI = 91.46×D-0.822 < D < 312n.a.Larsen MC, Simon A (1993) A rainfall intensity-duration threshold for landslides in a humid-tropical environment, Puerto Rico. Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography 75(1-2): 13-23Graphic
North AmericaUSABlue RidgeIDDI = 116.48×D-0.632 < D < 16n.a.Wieczorek GF, Morgan BA, Campbell RH (2000) Debris flow hazards in the Blue Ridge of Central Virginia. Environ Eng Geosci 6: 3–23Graphic
North AmericaUSACentral Santa Cruz MountainsIDDI = 1.7+9×D-1.001 < D < 6.5n.a.Wieczorek GF (1987) Effect of rainfall intensity and duration on debris flows in central Santa Cruz Mountains. In: Debris flow/avalanches: process, recognition, and mitigation (Costa JE, Wieczorek GF, eds). Geological Society of America, Reviews in Engineering Geology, 7: 93–104Graphic
North AmericaUSAChalk Cliffs, ColoradoIDDI = 6.61×D-0.770 < D < 2.6n.a.Coe A, Kinner DA, Godt JW (In Press) Initiation conditions for runoff-generated debris flows at Chalk Cliffs, Central Colorado, USAGraphic
North AmericaUSAMettman RidgeIDAI = 9.9×D-0.521 < D < 170n.a.Montgomery DR, Schmidt KM, Greenberg HM, Dietrich WE (2000) Forest clearing and regional landsliding. Geology 28(4): 311-314Graphic
North AmericaUSAn.a.IDDI = 35.23 ×D-0.543 < D < 12n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
North AmericaUSAn.a.IDDI = 26.51 ×D-0.190.5 < D < 12n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
North AmericaUSASan Francisco Bay AreaIDDI = 2.5+300×D-2.005.5 < D < 24Low MAPCannon SH, Ellen SD (1985) Rainfall conditions for abundant debris avalanches, San Francisco Bay region, California. Calif Geol 38: 267–272Graphic
North AmericaUSASan Francisco Bay AreaIDDI = 6.9+38×D-1.002 < D < 24High MAPCannon SH, Ellen SD (1985) Rainfall conditions for abundant debris avalanches, San Francisco Bay region, California. Calif Geol 38: 267–272Graphic
North AmericaUSASeattle AreaIDSI = 82.73×D-1.1320 < D < 55n.a.Baum RL, Godt JW, Harp EL, McKenna JP (2005) Early warning of landslides for rail traffic between Seattle and Everett, Washington. In: Landslide Risk Management, Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Landslide Risk Management (Hungr O, Fell R, Couture R, Ebdrhardt E, eds). New York: A.A. Balkema, 731-740Graphic
South AmericaBraziln.a.IDDI = 63.38-22.19×D1.000.5 < D < 2n.a.Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 16.43×D-0.980.1 < D < 1000Mild marine west coast climatesGuzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 10.30×D-0.350.1 < D < 48Humid subtropical east coast climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 6.90×D-0.580.1 < D < 1000Humid subtropical east coast climatesGuzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 0.48×D-0.1148 < D < 1000(Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 2.28×D-0.200.1 < D < 48(Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 22.26×D-0.900.1 < D < 48Mild marine west coast climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDAI = 14.82×D-0.390.167 < D < 500n.a.Caine N (1980) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows. Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography 62: 23–27Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSI = 10×D-0.770.1 < D < 1000n.a.Clarizia M, Gullà G, Sorbino G (1996) Sui meccanismi di innesco dei soil slip. International Conference "Prevention of hydrogeological hazards: the role of scientific research" 1: 585-597Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDShI=0.48+7.2×D-1.000.1 < D < 1000n.a.Crosta GB, Frattini P (2001) Rainfall thresholds for triggering soil slips and debris flow. In: Mediterranean Storms (Mugnai A, Guzzetti F, Roth G, eds), Proceedings of the 2nd EGS Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms. Siena, Italy, 463-487Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDDI = 30.53 ×D-0.570.5 < D < 12Lower envelopeJibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDDI = 7.00×D-0.600.1 < D < 3For burnt areasCannon SH, Gartner JE (2005) Wildfire-related debris flow from a hazards perspective. In: Debris flow Hazards and Related Phenomena (Jakob M, Hungr O, eds). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 363-385Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 2.20×D-0.440.1 < D < 1000Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 4.81×D-0.490.1 < D < 1000Mediterranean warm climatesGuzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 5.35×D-0.440.1 < D < 48Mediterranean warm climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 3.57×D-0.410.1 < D < 1000Mediterranean cool climatesGuzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 3.55×D-0.400.1 < D < 48Mediterranean cool climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 6.68×D-0.520.1 < D < 1000Warm humid subtropical climatesGuzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 6.25×D-0.110.1 < D < 48Warm humid subtropical climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 8.70×D-0.660.1 < D < 1000Mountain climatesGuzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic
Worldwiden.a.n.a.IDSh, DI = 8.31×D-0.640.1 < D < 48Mountain climates (Threshold obtained from probability estimates of rainfall data)Guzzetti F, Peruccacci S, Rossi M, Stark CP (2008) The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an update. Landslides 5: 3-17Graphic




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