Sunday 05 May 2024

Rainfall thresholds in Asia, sorted by Nation

Nation	Zone	Threshold type	Landslide code	Equation	Range	Notes	Reference	Image
China	n.a.	ID	D	I = 49.11-6.81×D1.00	1 < D < 5	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Hong Kong	n.a.	A(d), R	S	A(15d) > 350 mm and R > 100 mm	n.a.	Very severe events	Lumb P (1975) Slope failure in Hong Kong. Q J Eng Geol 8:31-65	Graphic
Hong Kong	n.a.	A(d), R	S	A(15d) > 50 mm and R > 50 mm	n.a.	Minor events	Lumb P (1975) Slope failure in Hong Kong. Q J Eng Geol 8:31-65	Graphic
Hong Kong	n.a.	A(d), R	S	A(15d) > 200 mm and R > 100 mm	n.a.	Severe events	Lumb P (1975) Slope failure in Hong Kong. Q J Eng Geol 8:31-65	Graphic
Hong Kong	n.a.	ID	D	I = 41.83 ×D-0.58	1 < D < 12	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Hong Kong	n.a.	IMAPD	D	IMAP = 0.02×D-0.68	1 < D < 12	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Indonesia	n.a.	ID	D	I = 92.06-10.68×D1.00	2 < D < 4	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Indonesia	n.a.	IMAPD	D	IMAP = 0.07-0.01×D1.00	2 < D < 24	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Japan	Chiba and Kanagawa prefectures	IMAXE	Sh	Imax = 290 × E-0.38	0 < E < 300	Intermediate threshold	Onodera T, Yoshinaka R, Kazama H (1974) Slope failures caused by heavy rainfall in Japan. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of the International Association of Engineering Geology. Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11: 1-10	Graphic
Japan	Chiba and Kanagawa prefectures	IMAXE	Sh	Imax = 150 × E-0.38	0 < E < 200	Lower threshold	Onodera T, Yoshinaka R, Kazama H (1974) Slope failures caused by heavy rainfall in Japan. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of the International Association of Engineering Geology. Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11: 1-10	Graphic
Japan	Chiba and Kanagawa prefectures	IMAXE	Sh	Imax = 390 × E-0.38	0 < E < 400	Upper threshold (major disaster)	Onodera T, Yoshinaka R, Kazama H (1974) Slope failures caused by heavy rainfall in Japan. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of the International Association of Engineering Geology. Sao Paulo, Brazil, 11: 1-10	Graphic
Japan	Hokkaido Island	R	A	R > 200 mm	n.a.	n.a.	Endo T (1970) Probable distribution of the amount of rainfall causing landslides. Annual report, Hokkaido Branch, Govern. Forest Experiment Station, Sapporo, 123-136	Graphic
Japan	n.a.	ID	D	I = 39.71 ×D-0.62	0.5 < D < 12	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Japan	n.a.	IE	D	I = 67.38 × E-0.0023×E	50 < E < 400	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Japan	n.a.	IE	D	I = 112.25 - 0.20×E	165 < E < 440	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Japan	n.a.	IMAPD	D	IMAP = 0.03×D-0.63	1 < D < 12	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Japan	n.a.	IMAPEMAP	D	IMAP = 0.04 × e-3.55×EMAP	0.03 < EMAP < 0.25	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Japan	n.a.	IMAPEMAP	D	IMAP = 0.04 - 0.19 × EMAP	0 < EMAP < 0.22	n.a.	Jibson RW (1989) Debris flow in southern Porto Rico. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 236, 29–55	Graphic
Japan	Shikoku Island	ID	A	I = 1.35+55×D-1.00	24 < D < 300	n.a.	Hong Y, Hiura H, Shino K, Sassa K, Suemine A, Fukuoka H Wang G (2005) The influence of intense rainfall on the activity of large-scale crystalline schist landslides in Shikoku Island, Japan. Landslides 2(2): 97-105	Graphic
Japan	Shikoku Island	IE	A	I = 1000 × E-1.23	100 < E < 230	n.a.	Hong Y, Hiura H, Shino K, Sassa K, Suemine A, Fukuoka H Wang G (2005) The influence of intense rainfall on the activity of large-scale crystalline schist landslides in Shikoku Island, Japan. Landslides 2(2): 97-105	Graphic
n.a.	n.a.	EMAP	A	EMAP < 0.05	n.a.	Low probability of landslides	Bhandari RK, Senanayake KS, Thayalan N (1991) Pitfalls in the prediction on landslide through rainfall data. In: Landslides (Bell DH, ed). Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 2: 887–890	Graphic
n.a.	n.a.	EMAP	A	0.05 < EMAP < 0.10	n.a.	Intermediate probability of landslides	Bhandari RK, Senanayake KS, Thayalan N (1991) Pitfalls in the prediction on landslide through rainfall data. In: Landslides (Bell DH, ed). Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 2: 887–890	Graphic
n.a.	n.a.	EMAP	A	0.10 < EMAP < 0.20	n.a.	High probability of landslides	Bhandari RK, Senanayake KS, Thayalan N (1991) Pitfalls in the prediction on landslide through rainfall data. In: Landslides (Bell DH, ed). Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 2: 887–890	Graphic
n.a.	n.a.	EMAP	A	EMAP > 0.20	n.a.	Landslides will always occur	Bhandari RK, Senanayake KS, Thayalan N (1991) Pitfalls in the prediction on landslide through rainfall data. In: Landslides (Bell DH, ed). Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 2: 887–890	Graphic
Philippines	Mayon Volcano, Albay, Bicol	ID	L	I = 27.3×D-0.38	0.167 < D < 3	n.a.	Rodolfo KS, Arguden AT (1991) Rain-lahar generation and sediment-delivery systems at Mayon Volcano, Philippines. In: Sedimentation in volcanic settings (Fisher RV, Smith GA, eds). Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 45: 71–88	Graphic
Philippines	Pasig Potrero River, Central Luzon	ID	L	I = 9.23×D-0.37	0.08 < D < 7.92	n.a.	Arboleda RA, Martinez ML (1996) 1992 lahars in the Pasig-Potrero River system. In: Fire and mud: eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo (Newhall CG, Punongbayan RS, eds). Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1126 pp	Graphic
Philippines	Sacobia River, Mount Pinatubo, Central Luzon	ID	L	I = 5.94×D-1.50	0.167 < D < 3	n.a.	Tuñgol NM, Regalado MTM (1996) Rainfall, acoustic flow monitor records, and observed lahars of the Sacobia River in 1992. In: Fire and mud: eruptions and lahars of Mount Pinatubo (Newhall CG, Punongbayan RS, eds). Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1126 pp	Graphic
Sri Lanka	n.a.	E	A	E(3d) > 200 mm	n.a.	n.a.	Bhandari RK, Senanayake KS, Thayalan N (1991) Pitfalls in the prediction on landslide through rainfall data. In: Landslides (Bell DH, ed). Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 2: 887–890	Graphic
Taiwan	Central Taiwan	ID	D	I = 13.5×D-0.20	0.7 < D < 40	Before Chi-Chi earthquake	Jan CD, Chen CL (2005) Debris flows caused by Typhoon Herb in Taiwan. In: Debris flow Hazards and Related Phenomena (Jakob M, Hungr O, eds). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 363-385	Graphic
Taiwan	Central Taiwan	ID	D	I = 6.7×D-0.20	0.7 < D < 40	After Chi-Chi earthquake	Jan CD, Chen CL (2005) Debris flows caused by Typhoon Herb in Taiwan. In: Debris flow Hazards and Related Phenomena (Jakob M, Hungr O, eds). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 363-385	Graphic
Taiwan	n.a.	ID	A	I = 115.47×D-0.80	1 < D < 400	n.a.	Chien-Yuan C, Tien-Chien C, Fan-Chieh Y, Wen-Hui Y, Chun-Chieh T (2005) Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring. Environmental Geology 47: 715-724	Graphic

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